Molecular characterization of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. from dogs and coyotes in an urban landscape suggests infrequent occurrence of zoonotic genotypes.
Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. is a common gastrointestinal parasites with the potential for zoonotic transmission. This study aims to (1) determine the genotype occurs in dogs and coyotes occupy the same urban areas; (2) determine whether the host is infected with a potentially zoonotic genotype; (3) providing data base molecule. In August and September 2012, 860 dog owners who live in neighborhoods that abut six city parks in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, provides faecal samples from their dogs.
From March 2012 until July 2013 193 coyote feces were also collected from five of the six parks of the same. Direct immunofluorescence microscopy (DFA) showed that Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. infected a total of 64 (7.4%) and 21 (2.4%) dogs, and 15 (7.8%) and three (1.6%) coyote, respectively. Semi-nested polymerase chain reaction targeting the 16S small-subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rRNA) and the 18S rRNA gene of Giardia spp SSU. and Cryptosporidium spp., respectively, carried out on samples screened positive by DFA, and the products were sequenced and genotype.
Dogs infected with Giardia intestinalis related canid group C (n = 14), D (n = 13), and Cryptosporidium canis (n = 3). Similarly, G. intestinalis group C (n = 1), D (n = 1) and C. canis (n = 1), detected on coyotes, and G. intestinalis group A (n = 1) and Cryptosporidium mouse genotype ( n = 1). Dogs and coyotes are predominantly infected with genotype-specific hosts and potentially zoonotic genotypes, suggesting that they may not represent a significant risk for zoonotic transmission of this parasite in urban areas where the host is sympatric.
Molecular characterization of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. from dogs and coyotes in an urban landscape suggests infrequent occurrence of zoonotic genotypes.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): An Update.
Coronavirus (CoVs) belongs to the family Coronaviridae, Nidovirales order, and genus coronavirus. They are the largest group of viruses that cause respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. The morphology, CoVs enveloped virus that contains a non-segmented positive-sense, single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus. CoVs categorized into four important genera that includes Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus, and Deltacoronavirus.
A member of a novel human CoV that have recently appeared in Wuhan, China, now officially known as SARS-CoV-2 (acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). This is a unique strain of the virus RNA that has not been previously observed in humans. This virus has a wide host adaptability and capable of causing severe disease in humans, masked palm civets, rats, dogs, cats, camels, pigs, chickens, and bats. SARS-CoV-2 usually causes respiratory and digestive diseases in humans and animals. It can be transmitted by aerosols and direct / indirect contact, as well as for medical cases and the handling of laboratory samples. certain structural proteins, which may be found on the virus surface, play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of complications. The disease is characterized by medical signs and symptoms that differ include high fever, chills, cough, and shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. People who are infected may also present with other symptoms such as diarrhea, myalgia, fatigue, sputum, and hemoptysis.
This is important from a public health and economic point of view because it affects the growth of the country, which is majorly attributed to restrictions in the movement of people and costs related to the control and prevention of disease. Because there is no specific therapeutic interventions or vaccines are available against the virus, management support and treatment with non-specific therapeutic agents (drugs repurposed) can provide relief to the patient.
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