Duoset Murine Lcn-2 Elisa Kit (R&D Systems

Description: IL-3 is a hematopoietic growth factor that promotes the survival, differentiation and proliferation of committed progenitor cells of the megakaryocyte, granulocyte-macrophage, erythroid, eosinophil, basophil and mast cell lineages. Produced by T cells, mast cells and eosinophils, IL-3 enhances thrombopoieses, phagocytosis, and antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity. Its ability to activate monocytes suggests that IL-3 may have additional immunoregulatory roles. Many of the IL-3 activities depend upon co-stimulation with other cytokines. IL-3 is species-specific, variably glycosylated cytokine. Recombinant murine IL-3 is a 15.1 kDa globular protein containing 135 amino acid residues.

Description: TNF-α is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by various cells including adipocytes, activated monocytes, macrophages, B cells, T cells and fibroblasts. It belongs to the TNF family of ligands and signals through two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. TNF-α is cytotoxic to a wide variety of tumor cells and is an essential factor in mediating the immune response against bacterial infections. TNF-α also plays a role in the induction of septic shock, auto immune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation, and diabetes. Recombinant murine TNF-α is a soluble 156 amino acid protein (17.3 kDa) which corresponds to C-terminal extracellular domain of the full length transmembrane protein.

Description: All three isoforms of GRO are CXC chemokines that can signal through the CXCR1 or CXCR2 receptors. The GRO proteins chemoattract and activate neutrophils and basophils. Recombinant murine KC is a 7.8 kDa protein consisting of 72 amino acids including the 'ELR' motif common to the CXC chemokine family that bind to CXCR1 or CXCR2.

Description: CD40, a member of the TNF receptor family, is a cell surface protein expressed on B cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, thymic epithelial cells and, at low levels, on T cells. Signaling though CD40 plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells, and is critical for immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching. The membrane-anchored CD40-Ligand is expressed almost exclusively on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes. Failure to express CD40L leads to "immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM", a disease characterized by failure to produce IgG, IgA and IgE. The soluble form of CD40L is an 18kDa protein comprising the entire TNF homologous region of CD40L and is generated in vivo by an intracellular proteolytic processing of the full length CD40L. Recombinant murine CD40L is a soluble 16.4 kDa protein containing 149 amino acid residues comprising the receptor binding TNF-like domain of CD40L.

Description: LIX is a CXC chemokine that signals through the CXCR2 receptor.  It is expressed in monocytes, platelets, endothelial cells, and mast cells.  LIX is a chemoattractant for neutrophils.  The two naturally occurring variants of LIX; LIX 1-78 (GCP-2) and LIX 9-78 (GCP-2), contain 78 and 70 amino acid residues, respectively.  LIX contains the four conserved cysteine residues present in CXC chemokines, and also contains the ‘ELR’ motif common to CXC chemokine that bind to the CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors.  Recombinant murine LIX is a 7.6 kDa protein consisting of amino acid residues 9-78 of the full length LIX protein (70 amino acids).

Description: Members of the Hedgehog (Hh) family are highly conserved proteins which are widely represented throughout the animal kingdom. The three known mammalian Hh proteins, Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh) and Indian (Ihh) are structurally related and share a high degree of amino-acid sequence identity (e.g., Shh and Ihh are 93% identical). The biologically active form of Hh molecules is obtained by autocatalytic cleavage of their precursor proteins and corresponds to approximately the N-terminal one half of the precursor molecule. Although Hh proteins have unique expression patterns and distinct biological roles within their respective regions of secretion, they use the same signaling pathway and can substitute for each other in experimental systems. Recombinant murine Sonic HedgeHog is a 20.0 kDa protein consisting of 176 amino acid residues, including an N-terminal Ile-Val-Ile sequence substituted for the naturally occurring chemically modified Cys residue.

Description: IL-1α is a non-secreted proinflammatory cytokine produced in a variety of cells including monocytes, tissue macrophages, keratinocytes and other epithelial cells. Both IL-1α and IL-1β binds to the same receptor and has similar if not identical biological properties. These cytokines have a broad range of activities including, stimulation of thymocyte proliferation, by inducing IL-2 release, B-cell maturation and proliferation, mitogenic FGF-like activity and the ability to stimulate the release of prostaglandin and collagenase from synovial cells. However, whereas IL-1β is a secreted cytokine, IL-1α is predominantly a cell-associated cytokine. Recombinant murine IL-1α is an 17.9 kDa protein containing 156 amino acid residues.

Description: IL-1β is a proinflammatory cytokine produced in a variety of cells including monocytes, tissue macrophages, keratinocytes and other epithelial cells. Both IL-1α and IL-1β binds to the same receptor and has similar if not identical biological properties. These cytokines have a broad range of activities including, stimulation of thymocyte proliferation, by inducing IL-2 release, B-cell maturation and proliferation, mitogenic FGF-like activity and the ability to stimulate the release of prostaglandin and collagenase from synovial cells. However, whereas IL-1β is a secreted cytokine, IL-1α is predominantly a cell-associated cytokine. Recombinant murine IL-1β is a 17.5 kDa protein containing 153 amino acid residues.

Description: MIP-3β is a CC chemokine that is expressed in the thymus, lymph nodes and in activated bone marrow stromal cells and signals through the CCR7 receptor. MIP-3β is a chemoattractant for T and B lymphocytes and myeloid progenitor cells. Human MIP-3β is active on murine cells. Recombinant murine MIP-3β is a 9.2 kDa protein containing 83 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.

Description: The MCP proteins belong to the CC chemokine family, and signal through CCR2 and, with the exception of MCP-1, other CCR receptors. The MCP proteins chemoattract and activate monocytes, activated T cells, basophils, NK cells, and immature dendritic cells. The MCP family cross reacts across species. Recombinant murine JE is a 13.8 kDa protein containing 125 amino acid residues including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in the CC chemokines.

Description: Both MIP-1 α and MIP-1 β are structurally and functionally related CC chemokines. They participate in the host response to invading bacterial, viral, parasite and fungal pathogens by regulating the trafficking and activation state of selected subgroups of inflammatory cells e.g. macrophages, lymphocytes and NK cells. While both MIP-1 α and MIP-1 β exert similar effects on monocytes their effect on lymphocytes differ; with MIP-1 α selectively attracting CD8+ lymphocytes and MIP-1 β selectively attracting CD4+ lymphocytes. Additionally, MIP-1 α and MIP-1 β have also been shown to be potent chemoattractants for B cells, eosinophils and dendritic cells. Both human and murine MIP-1 α and MIP-1 β are active on human and murine hematopoietic cells. Recombinant murine MIP-1 α is a 7.8 kDa protein containing 69 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.

Description: GDF-5 is expressed in long bones during embryonic development and postnatally in articular cartilage. Mutations in the GDF-5 gene have been implicated in Grebe Syndrome, which is characterized by short stature, extra digits, short and deformed extremities, and in Hunter-Thompson type dwarfism. The mature and functional form of GDF-5 is a homodimer of two 120 amino-acid polypeptide chain (monomers) linked by a single disulfide bond. Each GDF-5 monomer is expressed as the C-terminal part of a precursor polypeptide, which also contains a 27 amino-acid signal peptide and a 348 amino-acid propeptide. This precursor undergoes intracellular dimerization, and upon secretion it is processed by a furin-type protease. Recombinant murine GDF-5 is a 27.0 kDa homodimeric disulfide-linked protein consisting of two 120 amino acids.

Description: Primary antibody against Lambda Light Chain(LcN-2), Concentration: 0.2mg/mL

Description: Primary antibody against Lambda Light Chain(LcN-2), Concentration: 0.2mg/mL